Means for controlling combustion in coking plants.



H. FOPPERS. MEANS FOR CONTROLLiNG MOMBUSTION IN COKING PLANTS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9, I914.

Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

10 SHEETS-SHEE1 2.

H. KOPPERS.

MEANS FOR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION lN COKING PLANTS. APPLICATION FILED Iuuzs. I914.

1,176,067. V Patented Mar. 21, 19.16.

10 $HEETS-SHEET 2.

H. KOPPERS.

MEANS FOR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION IN COKING PLANTS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9,1914.

1,176,067. I Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

N N v uuhn whhHHHNHHHHHHH W k H. KOPPERS. MEANS FOR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION lN COKlNG PLANTS.

AP PLICATiON FILED JUNE 9,1914. 1,176,067, Patented Mar. 21,1916.

II 'IIIII t V NY & NN NN H. KOPPERS. I -MEANS FOR CONTROLUNG COMBUSTION lN COKING PLANTS.

APPLICATION HLED JUNE 9,1914. 1,176,067. Patented Mar. 21,1916:

0 SHEETS-SHEET 5- H. KOPPERS.

MEANS FOR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION IN COKING. PLANTS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9, I914. 1,176,067. Patented Mar. 21,1916,

l0 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

H. KOPPERS. MEANS FORCONTROLLING COMBUSTION IN COKING PLANTS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9, 1914.

Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

10 SHEETS-SHEET l- H. KOPPERS. MEANS FOR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION IN COKING PLANTS.

' APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9, 1914. 1,176,067. Patented Mar. 21,1916

I0 SHEETS SHEET B- H. KOPPERS. MEANS FOR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION lN COKiNG PLANTS.

APPLICATlON HLED JUNE 9,1914.

Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

10 SHEETSSHEET 9.

H. KOPPERS. MEANS FOR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION IN COKING PLANTS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9, 1914.

Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

E2: 5 e m UNITE STATES PATEN T OFFIGE.

HEINRICH KOPPERS, or EssENfiN-THE-RlUHR, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO H. KOPPERS COMPANY, A CORPORATION or PENNSYLVANIA.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HEINRICH KoPrERs, a

' subject of the Emperor of Germany, resid- .ing at Essen-on-the-Ruhr, Germany, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Means for Controlling Combustion in Coking Plants, of which the following is a specification.

of veryrapid combustibility, such as the gas from the coking chambers themselves.

rapidly combustible gas in coking plants by reason of the Substantially total combustion of the fuel in the neighborhood of its entrance near the bottom of the ombus tion chambers and'the resulting great concentration of heat at these points These chambers and the coking chambers are usually relatively high and this concentra tion of the heat near the bottomef .thecombustion chambers retards completlonpf the conversion into coke of the coal at the top of the coking chambers until long after I the coal near the bottom of the coking chambers has been converted. The subfection of first the coal and later the coke near the bottonr of the coking chambers to this concentrated heat for so long a period materially affects its quality so that unless efiicient means be provided fordistributing the 'heate've'nly throughout the coking"chain; bers it is substantiallyfinip'ossible 'to produce a coke of uniform.,grade.' Not only does theuneven heating of-the coke in this manner affect the of coke but it is the source of inaterial loss both in time and .in the consumption of fuel, this loss alone being of ufficient-magnitude"to'render impracticable the use of coke 'oven'or gas of like qualities without providing means for distributing'the heat evenly over the pro a tectivc walls between the combustion and .coking cham'bersl The heat near the bottom of the coking chambers pi oduce'dlby the concentration" of the heat neartlie bottom Specification of Letters Patent.

Prior to my invention considerable dif ficulty has been experienced in the utiliza tion of coke'oven 'or similarly rich, very- Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

Application filed June 9,1914. SeriaINo. 843,932.

of the combustion chambers frequently becomes so great as to partially or totally destroy the valuable commercial by-products erived in the industry and also even becomes so great that the best fire proof materials cannot withstand it and rapid deterioration of the Walls results. I am aware that numerous apparatus and expedients have been used to obviate these Objections and with suflicient success to permit of the efiicient commercial use of gas of this character in coking plants.

It is, however, the object of HIV invention, broadly, to provide still more efiicient means for the proper and even distribution of the heat from the combustion chambers to the coking chambers by compelling the combustion of this gas to occur substantially throughout the entire height of the combustion chambers and thus properly and evenly coke all of the coal simultaneously and in the-shortest possible time, thereby elimi- .nating the" danger of the heat damaging or destroying vthe by-products as they are scribed of simple and efiicient construction which Will be largely automatic in operation and which-may be readily adjusted to control and vary at will, by persons having a general knowledgeof'the art, the rate'of heat production.

A still further object of the invention is to provide means of the character described which Will permit either a slowly combustible gas of low calorific value,'such as producer gas, or a very rapidly combustible gas of medium calorific value, such as' coke oven gas to be employed with substantially equal and high efliciencyin a coking plant without alteration of the internal. structure of the plant. f

A stilllfurther object of the invention, is the provision of means for controlling the combustion in coking plants which may be operated 'to vary the rate of combustion without effect on the. efliciency of the regenerators with which plants of the char" the extrac 5.. heat carried over will be durable and acter described are ordinarily provided and without forcing the burnt gases through the regenerators at too great velocity to permit tion of substantially all of the from the combustion chambers by the gases ontheir' way to the I j'stack.

Another object of the invention is the provision of means for effecting the results descrlbed, composed of few mechanisms and devices which may be cheaply provided and which may be readily installed and which eflicient in operation.

The problem is complicated by considera- 5 tions that have to do'with' the character and i ing the heatin the oven system,

extremes of stack-draft as i will tend to wastage of heat, the need for sources of the fuel gases employed, the necessity for maintaining uniformity ofheatavoiding "localized exing, the need for the need for conservtremes of temperature,

avoiding such avoiding such reductions of the cross-area ioi fines and ports aswill tend toward accumulation pf soot-deposits and consequent "'icloggings and other conditions that may structures present hemselves in the building and operation of modern coke-ovens, which are of such magnitude and operated at such high temperatures that the control of combustion inthem must be as nearly automatic as possible and yet accomplish by extremely simplei and positive mechanism and construction that is. not liable to any disarrangement or disorder.

The heating of the coke-oven with itsown gas, that is, by burning in its fiues coke-' oven gas distilled from the coke being produced in its coking chambers, may sometimes be an economy and at other times an expense, according to the demand for'other and morprofitable uses-for such coke-oven gas. Such operation of the coke-oven conssumes a great portion (for instance, it may be 5(l%) of the oven. gas distilled by it. On'

ditions of demand for the coke-oven or gas vision for firing with producer-gas, difthe otherad gnd, if the coke-oven be operated with "producer-gason bQst-furnace gas, the entire distillation of coke 'oven gas may be utilized for other purposes. I Varying conas for such other purposes render it desirab e that a battery of coke-ovens may be operated alternatively, and alternatively either in whole or in part,

from an outside source, such as and yet such shifting from producer 4 gas,

of one fuel gas to the the employment employment of the other needs to be accomplis'hed "without requiring change ofthe construction of the, oven system and without involving change of the heating conditions- It is also the ifact that even when only provision for firingwvith cokeoven gas ismade, without alternative pro- -than distributed through,

dimensions might be the need for with either coke-oven gas fic ulties are presented in uniformly distributing the heating and avoiding localized extremes of intensity, because the great. height and other dimensions of modern coke oven constructioncall for extreme elongation of the combustion-fines, and with such extreme combustion flue, althou value as compared, on the one hand, with the low calorific value of producer gas, and, on the other hand. with the high calorific value of such gases as natural gas. But coke-oven gas has a very high velocity of combustion as compared with either producer-gas or natural gas. The large proporti'on of inert constituents in producer gas.

render it relatively slowlycombustible. And the. large proportion of methane -in natural gas, though calorific value, render it relatively slowly combustible because the methane must undergo in the combustion. On the other hand, coke-oven gas has from injectingof the decomposition giving it very highan extremely high velocity of combustion because of its large hydrogen content. The maximum velocity of combustion of hydrogen is about two meters per second, while, for instance, the velocity of combustion of methane with cold air is only about .27 meter per second, an eight-fold difference. The

calorific value of methane is over 8000 calories, and the calorific value of natural gas ranges toward 8000 calories.

A fairly typical coke-oven gas, having a calorific value of about 4000 calories, is constituted as follows I 2.2% 2 2% 00 i v 42. H 56.2% CH, 24.5 N 11.4% 100.0%

The proportion of hydrogen is very large, and the proportion of 'inert constituents is very smalL- The air requirement of such a gas is about 4.55 cbm.,- giving 5.55 cbm. burnedtgas A fairly typi cal producer gas,

having acalorifio value of under 900 calories, is constituted as follows 4 H f 3. 0% CH 0.3% N. 58. 0%

The proportion ofhydrogen is very small, the combustible constituentis almost entirely carbon m'onoxid and the .proportion of inertcons'tituents is very large. The air givingg177cbmi burned gas.- To secure the. requisite temperature, the producer gas 1 needs to be preheated, and also the air for The coke-oven gas cannot requirement of such a gas-is about .77 cbm.,

its combustion. bepreheated, but the a'ir'for its combustion is preheated.regenerat1vely to conserve the heat of the system, andsuch preheating of v the air of combustion further accelerates the velocity. ofcoinbustion. With cold air of combustiongthe velocity of combustion of 1 the coke-oven gas would be greatly less, but- 7 there would be a great loss of waste heat as a; result of remitting "regeneration. If

'natural gas wereused, it could not be preheated elficiently,asheavy deposits of soot fwould result from the breaking up of the hyd'rocarbons, and preheating the air of combustionivould give excessive temperature, and consequently regenerative conservation of the heat of the system .could not be effected practically. Thus in dealing un coke-oven gas as a fuel gas for modern coke-oven constructions, it becomes necessary to take accountof its calorlfic value as much higher than that of producer-gas, though much lower", than that of naturalgas, and of the high temperatures and extreme velocity of combustion that result from burning it, especiallvywvith preheated air of combustion. 'cohiparedwith the moderate temperatures and far lower velocity of combustion, that resultin burning preheated producer gas 'with'preheated air, and as contrasted also \vithjthe excessive temperatures that would result from burning natural gas with preheatedair, although the velocity ner of practising my invention.

ofcthnbustiOn ofnatural gas is far lower.

0 The proportion of burned gas resulting, in the combustmn ofcoke-oven gas, as com-' pared with the combustion of producer-gas,

from anotherpoint of view, it may be noted that the controlling of'the combustion of coke-oven gas to equivalency with the combustion of producergas or blast-furnace gas in .these. coke-ovens involves such propor- 3 tioning of the admixture of flue-gas as shall reduce toward substantial equivalency the oxygen contained in the combustion mixture. As an approximate indication of this aspect of the matter, such as a numerical example as the following may be noted 1 cbm. of blast furnace gas, ol' a calorific value of about 900 calories, requires about 9 cbm. air for combustion. The oxygen content of the mixture of gas and air is .9 times .21, equaling .189 cbm. ,-\vhu-h amounts to (.189 times 100, divided by 1.1 equaling) 10% 0 "On the other hand, 1 cbm. cokeoven gas, having a calorific value of about 3800 calories, requires about 4.2 cbm. air for combustion. And tlnoxygen content of this gas and air mixture is, 4.7) times .21, equaling .915 cbm. ,\vhich amounts to (.9115 times 100, divided by equaling) 17.2% 0 Thus to secure Only 10% of oxygen in a mixture of coke-oven gas and air and stack-gas, the quantity of the gas and air mixture must be (5.5 times 17.2,

cliviCed by 10, equaling) 9.4.6 cbm., so that (9.40 minus 5.5', equaling) 4 cbm. stack-gas stack-gas must be mixed with one cbm. 'of

such coke-oven gas to give an oxygen content, in the combustion m xture, substantially equivalent to the oxygen content in a combustion mixture of .9 cbm. air and 1 cbm. of the before-mentioned blast-furnace gas. Of course these proportions are subject to some variation under the varying conditions of actual practice, but the underlying principle is substantially indicated by such an approximate numerical illustration. The main consideration is that the combustion of the'coke-o-ven gas shall be controlled to substantial equivalency with the distribution and moderation of heating that may be secured by employing producer-gas in firing the same extremely elongated combustion chambers "of such coke-ovens.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will apear as it is better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawing illustrating a preferred man- Omthe drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal fragmentary view of a coking plant equipped with an apparatus embodying my invention shown partially in vertical section and partially in side elevation; Fig. 2 is'a transverse vertical view taken substantially on-the line 2-2 of Fig. l; Fig. 3 is a top plan view of a portion of a coking plant and said apparatus, the coking ovens,"however, being shown in horizontal section;

Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical sectional view taken substantially on the line -l-l of Fig. 1 through the plant on which are indicated the directions of flow of the air and gas;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 55 of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a hori-. zontal section taken substantially onthe line 66 of Fig. 5; Fig. '2' is an enlarged partial side elevation of the coking ovens shown in Fig. 1; Figs. 8 and 9 are enlarged'detail views showing thevalve operating mechanisms in the positions they assume simultaneously on opposite sides of saidfplant. Fig. 10 is a top plan view of the operating .mechanism shown in Fig. 8; .Fig.-11 is anenlarged section through one of theinlet valves to a regenerato-r of the plant; and Fig. 12 is a view similar to Fig. 4 and showing the application of my invention to a plain or simple coke oven as contradistinguished-from a combination coke and gas oven; and Figs. 13, 14 and 15 are partial views'taken similarly to Figs. 7, 6 and 5 through the oven shown in partin Fig. 12.

For the purpose of illustrating my invention I have'shown its application on the drawings to coking plants in which are incorporated either coking ovens of the combination type or the plain type, the combination type providing for either preheatingthe fuel gas by passing it throughthe regenerators or admitting it without pre- H heating directly to the combustion chaIn-' bers, and the plain type" leading it directly to t e combustion chambers without any provi on for preheating.

The applicatlon of the invention to coking plants provided with coking ovens of the combination type is shown in Figs. 1 to 11 inclusive, fromwhich it Wlll be'noted that a plurality of coking chambers 21 alternate with series 122 of combustion chambers 23, 'said coking chambers having openings 21 through'their top for the admissionof' the coal to be converted into coke.

" The chambers 2l-and 23 are constructed by providing suitable walls of hi hly refractory material, the coking-chem er s extend- I ing clear across the oven, as seen 1n F1g. 6, and the combustion chambers being in series and each of'small cross-section and much elongated vertically. In each combustion chamber threeinlets areprovided, two, 24, (those shown in square configuration in F g. 6) being adaptedboth tc'admit-ainor one i to admit air and the "other to admit fuel gas that-has passed through the regenerator; as will be later described; .and the other, 25, being adapted to admit, from a'main 26, fuel gas which has not passed through the regenerator. These inlets all open vertically into the. combustion chambers so that air and gas issuing from them will move vertically and in substantial parallelism. Two

sets of regenerators, designated generally at 27', are provided in connection wlth the cok ing plant and extend throughout the length;

of the battery of ovens, one set beneath each transverse half. These regenerators Fig.3

47 of the regenerator 32. 45- isadapte'dto be--closedby a mushroom' '5) in the combination oven are laterally separated by aplurality of main dividing walls the combustion chambers 23 immediately above this wall so that if it be desired to pass the fuel gas through regenerators this gas may be admitted to adjacent regenerators, separated by a partition wall 29, from i a main 33, through suitable connections that lead into alternate pairs of regenerators, as for example those indicated at a, a, while air may be admitted to the remaining regenerators or those indicated by b, 6. Such an arrangement, it will be readily seen,

- permits the admission of air and-"l fuel gas into each combustion chamber 23. 1

If the fuel gas is to be introduced into the combustion chambers 23 without being preheated by the regenerators, it is conducted through a pipe or main 26 which coni ects at proper intervals with a cross-pipe 'or main 36 extending beneath each 'set or series of combustion chambers and from which suit= able connections lead to the apertures or inlets 25. The two sets of regenerators 2? are alternately operable, one-heating the air, or the air and fuel gas, while the other 'is be- (which will be later described more in, detail) coming heated by the hot burnt gases from.

the combustion chambers. Each series of combustion chambers is open at 37 throughwhichlseparate the individual combustion chambers 23, as shown in Fig. 4. The burnt gas resulting from combustion inthe combustionv chambers 23, which are located above the regenerators preheating the airor the fuel gas, flow from these chambers I and pass over and down through the remain ing chambers or the chambers communicat- ,ing with the other regenerators (Fig. 4).

through which they are drawn into aflue-39 comm'unicatinglwith the stack'4l,"as will be later described. The regenerator's 32 communicate with the flue 39 through a connection '42 shown 'on an enlarged scale in' Figs. 10 and 11, This connection comprises a valve chamber 43 leading atone vend-44 to a passageway- 45 communicating with the fine 39 and at the othe r end 46 with the entrance valve 48 (so-acting with a suitable seat 49 out its length above the tops of the walls 38 The passageway- I and ep iaue by. a mechanism which: V111 be later described and which causes all of the i passageways 45 leading to one flue 39 to be opening5 1, adapted 'tobe closed by a valve .simultaneously opened bythe valves 48 and j the passageways 45 leading to the other flue to be simultaneously closed. The air is admitted to each'regenerator through an 52 and provided to communicate with each connection 42, the valve 52 and the valve 48 of each connectionbeing actuated by a comfm'on control to be now described.

A cable53 extendsalong each side of the and upon this cable are secured suitable stops or clampslfappropriately spaced to move past the connection when the cable is operated; 1 The valve operating mechanisms plant adjacent the tops of the connections 42 i are substantial duplicates of each other and i .arms 55 (Figs) 8, 9 and 10)-extend upwardly from the top of eachconnection 42 and carry only one therefore, will be described. Two

in theirnpper ends a normally rotatable .shaft .56; Uponflone end of this shaft is normallyfixed an arm 57 bifurcated at its lower end 58. The cable 53 extends through i this bifurcated endgand is held in position by a pulley59 carried in the end of the arm.

Fixed also upon the shaft 56 is a forwardly extendingarm 61 to the free end of which achaln or other flexible cbnnection 62 is sei cured, which is adapted to'lift the mushroom valve 48 when the shaft 56 is moved from fore. open and close the valve 48. A bell the arm 57 will move the bell crank 63 about the positionshown in Fig. 9 tothat shown in Fig. 8. Swinging ofthe arm 57 will therecrank 63 is, pivoted on the top of the connection 42 at 64 andhas an arm extending over the valve 52 and. connected thereto by a pivot pin65. Arod 66 is pivotaily con ;nected to"theTbellcrank at 67 and extends {through aslot in the arm 69, which is fast on the shaft 56 inparallelism with the arm 57. Suitable nuts or stops 68 are provided upon the endof thisfrod so that swinging of its pivot 6i and open andclose the valve 52. he stops or clamps are soar'ranged upon the cable. 53that they will first engage the armsto their left viewing Fig. 9 to. move the arms 57 i to the left and liftthe valves 48 andslowerjthe valves 52 when the cable is moved] in one direction and to engage the. arms to their right viewing the figure when thecable is movedin the opposite. direction I toclose the main valves 48 and open the air valves 52. p

When a lean gas" is used it is passed -Qthrouglfalternate pairs ofregeneratm's a, (1,,

1* 1g. (3. The gas enters each regenerator a 1 through a roiu ection 42, aplpe connection 5 between these provided in each pipe 71' and all of these valves 72'-are connected by other arms 72 with the cable 53 to enable them to be operated simultaneously with the-air valves 52 of the connections 42 connected to the adjacent regenerators b, b. The pivot pins 65 of the valves 52 of the regenerators a, a, which receive the gas, are removed and'these valves remain closed and uninfluenced by the valveoperating mechanism described. When, however, gas is not passed through the r'egenerators the main 3 is cut off either by the valves72 which may be dis sociated fromthe valve operating mechanism and left closed or by disconnecting the pipes 71 and closing their open ends by suitableclosures (not shown) Gas is then admitted to the combustion chambers from the mains 26 through suitable connections 73 which lead to the auxiliary mains 36 and air may be admitted to all regenerators a, a,

75, Figs. 4, 8nd 9. The arms 75 are each connected with a cable 76 at each side of the plant so that all of the valves 74 at each side will open and close together. A similar connection is provided between the valves 72 and the cable 53, which connection has already been described.

\Vhen the plant is operating on producer gas or any other lean gas that is slowly combustible and of low calorific value, the burning of the gas in the combustion chambers evenly distributes the heat to the walls chambers and the coking chambers, when the gas and air are drawn through the plant by the draft of the stack,. for because of the greater proportion of inert constituents in 'such gas and consequently the slow rate at'which gas of this character burns the stack draft is able to move the burning gas substantially to the top of the combustion chambers before combustion is complete, producing thereby a flame extending'to the top or substantially to the top of each combustion chamber. \Vhen, however, it is "desired to use a gas rich in hydrogen, such as coke-oven gas, its rapid combustibility prevents the burning of the gas under ordinary conditions above the lower portion of the combustion chambers. concentrating greatly the heat at this portion 'while the upper parts remain relatively cool. Of late years there has been a marked tendency in the art to which my invention pertains to extend materially. the

height of the combustion chambers, and also flueto numerollfifi a in the industry to obtain from the cekin ovens a gas for fuel in the combustion cTambers of increased the fuel gas and so thatthe rapidly combus hydrogen content, both the increase in height of the combustion chambers and the increase of hydrogen content having rendered more difficult the proper distribution of the heat 'inthe combustion chambers. The coke-oven gas cannot effectively be forced into the combustion chambers under pressure to produce the ion bustion being much heavier may be, and-in accordance with my invention preferably is, forced through the'air'inlets' at high velocity, the velocity of the air being regulated in accordance with the rate of combustion of tible gas reaches the top or substantially to the top of the combustion chambers before combustion is completed and an elongated flame is produced in each chamber. But this alone does not give the best results, by

reason of the factthat for the velocity to be sufliciently increased, the air inlet ports must be restricted, and if they be reduced suflicientlyfl to impart a velocity. to the air which will carry it with the burning gas rich in hydrogen clear to the top of the combustion chambers'during combustion, the

friction of its passage up through the one set of restricted ports into the combustion "chambers 23 in which combustion is taking .place and thence downwardly through similar restricted ports in the other chambers 23 through which the burnt gas passes to'the set of regenerators 27 being heated, requires a substantial loss of power, in driving the air, necessitating in large plants either a tremendous stack. pull or the utilization of a fan or blower of exceptionally high capacity.

A, fu'rther disadvantage that appears to be'present where velocity of the air alone is relied upon to extend the combustion to near the tops of the combustion chambers is the loss of heat through the too rapid outflow from the regenerators that are being 1 heated. In accordance with my invention it is contemplated that the oxygen content of the air, which has a determining effect upon the rate of combustion, shall be lowered,

and this I accomplish by the introduction into the air of combustion, before delivery to the rcgenerators, of agas poor in or free from oxygen, flue gas preferably being employed because of its readv availability in plants of this character. The mixture thus formed maybe forced into the combustion chambers under pressure or it may merely be introduced in the ordinary manner. The flue gas is mixed with the air and the mixture, instead of natural air alone being introduced into the regenerators through the valves 52, is conveyed to the connections 42 through the stack flue 39, communicating witi. the regenerators preheating the air, as shown by the arrows at the right of Fig. 4.

flames which would evenly heat their si e walls because of the relatively low specific gravity of the gas. The air of combein tending through the hearings in the arms and through the shaft 56, and then remov- For this purpose thetwo flues 39 are connected atone end by a'union 81 from which a flue or passage 82 leads to the stack 41, dampers 83 and 84 being provided to cut off either flue 39 from theunion. .The air is delivered intothe flues 39 by a pipe having a branch 85 leading to. each flue 39 and communicating .with its end at 86. Dampers tion between one flue 39 and the flue 82 and the other flue 39 and air pipe 80, and to alternately reverse the, arrangement by shift ing the means which fixedly secure the arms 57 to the shaft 56. This means in the present instance consists of keys92 which may be readily withdrawn "to permit these arms to move freely under vthe action of the clamps or stops 54 without affecting the arrangement of the valves or other parts of the valve operating mechanisms.

The flue gas istaken from the passage 82 and mixed with'the air near the outer end of the air pipe 80, as seen in. Figs. 1 and 3. Apipe 93 leads into the stack of flue 82 and is provided with a fan or blower 94: for drawing flue gas from the stack fine. This fan connects by a pipe 95 with the pipe 80 and the pipe 80 receives air from a fan or blower 96. Two fans or blowers are thus provided, one for the flue gas-and the other for the air. In the pipe 95 a suitable damper 97 is'provided and av similar damper 98 is provided at the air fan 96. 'This'arrangement permits the formation of a predetermined mixture of air andflue gas which may be readily varied in proportion by controlling the rate of rotation of the fans and by adjustment of the dampers. 97 and 98.

' 87 and 88 are provided to coiiperate with the dampers 83 and 84 to establish communica- Dampers 99 are also provided in each connection 42 and thcse dampers are operable by movement of the cable 53 to vary their position in accordance with the regcneratorsv being used for prchcating the mixture. If

air and gas be entering through a connection 42. a substantially unrestricted open-- ing is desirable through the connection. I however. flue gas be issuing through a con ncction to the stack flue. this opening should be stopped down somewhat, as sccn in Fig. 8. in order that the fluc gas may not-be drawn too rapidly through the regenerators being plant usingcombination ovens and cheated, Movement of this damper ac complished by an arm 101 disposedwithout axisiof the dampen justable the 1 connection and The end of this arm is a chain or other flexible endof a weighted arm one stop or clamp, 54, movement of the cableand the clamps 54 carried therebyswinging the dampers from side to side as the direction of How of gas loosely co :aected by mediuin=102 with an through the plant is reversed. Suitable ad-' stops 104 are provided to protrude r. across the path of movement of the arm 101 on each side to limit and determine the two positionsjof 'the damper. These stops may be fastened at any point in slotsl05 provided'in ab'ai' 106 which is-secured on each cationfof my invention provicling only forthe use of gas which is not to be a This type a a 30: y walls 111 of the sets connection. Their movement permits adjustment of the extreme position of the damp-PGI under the actionof the weighted arm 103.

Figs; 12 tol5 inclusive show the appli to a c'oking plant preheated by the regenerators. of plant, however, requires no alteration in the valveapparatus already described or in the practice of the invention. It differs, however; i from i the described in the following plant already particulars: N o partitionsare provided between the main ofregenerators and two inlets only are provided in each combustion chamber 112, one 113 for the air from the single regenerator 114 between the walls 11.1, and another 115 for thevfuel gas from, the branch mains 116, both of a these inletsffbeing vertically disposed adjacentthecomb ustion chamber so that the air or {mixture and the fuel the combustion chamber in currents traveling vertically and insubstantially parallel paths. Fuels-gas is delivered through the mains 117 communicating with each main 116 through suitable connections 118 provided with arms 121 engagingat their ends a cable cable 76., The airvalves .123 and the main mushroom valves 124 are described in connection with the g the air valves 123 and the main mushroomrvalves 124, are held in the position of the valves 52 and 18 in pursuance of my invention in the man er already described, the mechanism for E accomplishing this not being shown because it: is identically that ofthe tion is not thought to be necessary. each instance the through every regenerator and mechanism already described. In other re fixed upon" the pivotal velocity of the air fbustionchambers and in of heatthan it can utilize safely. products are derived, is employed, undamaged, by reason of this gas will enter valves 119 having operating [even high heating efficiency,

.low hydrogen content or gas the internal arrangement of normally operated bv the valve mechanism r1 coking.

the percentage of oxygencontent the air,

the rich,rapid1y combusti-e combustion with ble gas (introduced through the inlets 25 or 115) must take place at a slower rate as the-combustible particles of gas cannot; so readily select and combine with the particles or molecules of oxygen. The increased lifts many of the oxygen particles while they areselecting and combining with the molecules of fuel gas, substantially to the top of the combustion chambers before combustion is completed, distributing thereby the heat substantially evenly over the upright walls of the comconsequence producing an even grade of coke. The time required in coking is materially reduced by reason of the fact that'no portion ofthe coking chambers receives a greater amount The bywhere my invention even distribution of heat and its ready control. a

' It will be apparent that the'rate of combustion can positively and accurately be governed through the various dampers and through the control of the fans to meet the requirements of the particular coal being coked, for, as'is Well known to those skilled in the art, cokingcoal varies greatly in its composition and in the treatment needed to produce the best. results both as regards the production of the coke itself and the pro- 'duction of the by-products'. It will be apparentalso that mvinvention permits the attainment of a substantially relatively whether gas of of high hydrogen content be; employed, without altering the plant. Cok ing pla ts designed for the use of producer or other gas of lowhydrogen content because of the slow burningnature of gases ;Of this sort must have relatively large port ppenmgs and must be given dimensions this gas to burn at best TllQSG'dlIHGHSlOIlS and the area which will permit efhciency;

of the ports are ordinarily too large for the most efficient utilization ofcokeoven or other gas rich in hydrogen. The practice .of myinvention, however, permits the coke.- of high hydrogen contentoven or other gas to be used with high efiiciencv 1n coking plants constructed primarily for best ethciency when operatingv with producer or other gas poor'in hydrogenf It will be manifest "also that my invention may be but to other uses and that various changes may be made both in the form and construction of the mechanisms and devices forming a part-of the apparatus and in the manner of itsapplications ithout departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, the form I-claim;

. 1-. In a'- coke-oven; in combination: "cok ing-chambers; elongated combustion-chambers contiguous thereto; ,regenerators communicating with the inlets and outlets of a said combustion-chambers and adapted to be a of the outflow and to impart it to theiu- Y flow; anair-supplyto said regenerators; a

operatedinvalternation to take up the heat producer-gas su ply to said. regenerators; an-alternative co (e-oven gas supply directly to said combustion-chambers; valves for ad- .mitting and-shutting off said supplies severally and in required order; and a diluent flue-gas silp-ply communicating with said combustion-chambers and arranged to be employed was to neutralize the sa d cokeplace with a -z distribution of flame and heat-' intensity, within the combustion-chambers,

' substantially equivalent to that ofthe com-,

bust-ion of the producer-gas aforesaid; sub:

stantially as specified. I

2. In a coke-oven; 1n combination .cok-

- ing-chambers; elongated combustion-chambers contiguous thereto; regenerators coma operated in alternation to take up the heat mumcating with the inlets and outlets of saidcombustion-chambers and adapted to be of the outflow and to impart it to the inoven gas as flow; an air-supply tov said regenerators; a

producer-gas supply to sa-1dregenerators;'

an alternative coke-oven gas supply di- 1 rectly to said combustiomchambers; valves tor admitting and shutting ofl' said supplies;

severally and in required order; and a neutral dlluent gas-supply communicating with said coml'mstion-chambers and; arrangedto be employeds'o toneutrallze the said coketo cause its combustion to take place with a distribution of flame'andheatintensity, within the combustion-chambers, substantially equivalent'to that of the comstautially its-specified. l

' bustion of the. producer-gasaforesaid;-sub- In a: coke-oven, in combination: cok- 1ng chanibers; elongated combust1on-chambm-scoutiguous thereto; an air-supply to said cou1bustion-ehambers; a producer-gas supply to' said combustion chambers; an al toruatire coke-oven gas supply to said com- I bastion chambers; valves for admitting andshutting ofl said supplies severally and-"in rm'ulirecl order; and a neutral-diluent gassupply communicating with said cornbus tron-chambers and arranged. to'be employed so'to neutrallzethe said cokeoven gas as to cause its combustion to take place withdistribution of flame: and heat-intensity; wlthin the combustion-chambers, substantially equivalent to that of the combustion of the producergas aforesaid; substantlally asspecified.

- 4. In a coke-oven, in combination: coking chambers; elongated combustlon-vchambersv contiguous thereto; regenerators communicating with the inlets and outlets of said combustion-chambers and adapted to be operated in alternation to take up the heat of an air-supply to said regenerators; a fuelgassupply to said regenerators; an alternative fuel-gas-supply directly to said combustion-chambers; valves for admitting and shutting off said supplies severally and in 7 .required order; and aneutral diluent gassupply communicating with said combustion-chambers andarrang ed to be employed so to neutralize the said alternative fuel-gas.

as to, cause its combustion to take place with a distribution of flame and heat-intensity,

within the combustion-chambers, substanoven gas 'as to cause itscombustion to take tially. equivalent to that of'the combustion of the other fuel-gas aforesaid; substantially as specified. v I

5. In" a coke-oven,

contiguous thereto; an air-supply to said combustion-chambers; a fuel-gas supply to said combustion-chambers; analternative fuel-gas-supply tosaid combustion-chambers; valves for admitting and shutting oil said supplies severally and in required order and a neutral diluentv gas supply commun1- cating with. said combustion-chambers and arranged'to be employedso to neutralize the said alternative fuel-gas as to cause its com- .bustion to take place withv a distribution of flame and heat-intensity, within the co1nbus-' tion-chambers, substantially equivalent to that of the combustionof the other'fuel-gas aforesaid; substantially as specified. 6. In a coke-oven; 1n eo-mbmation: coking-chambers; combustion-chambers cont1g-' uous thereto and each velongated from itsfuel-'gas-inlet' end toits flue-gas outlet end; regenerators communicatlng with said'com- ,bustion-chambers and adapted. to be operated'inalternatio-n to'conserve-the heat of the outflow and to impart it to the inflow;

any air supply to said 'regenerators; a cokeoven gassupplyto the inlet end of each combustion chamber; ports fordelivering into the inlet end of each combustion-chamher the regeneratively heated air. for combustion; means for supplyingdiluent flue-gas to each combustion chalnber; and draft means proportioned and adapted effectively topermit .the conserving of the heat' developed within such regeneratively operated system;

said cokeojven gas supply and airsupply' and d luent-supply being proportioned and secure the coking efliciency of such firing in combustion-chambers having the elongation permitted, in firing with preheated producergas; substantially ,5 specified.

7. In a coke-oven, in combination: cokingchambers; combustion-chambers contiguous thereto and each elongated from its fuel-gas inlet end to its flue-gas outlet end; regenerators communicating with said combustionchambers and adapted to be operated in alternation to conserve the heat of the outflow and to impart it to the inflow; an air supply to said regenerators; a coke-oven gas supply to the inlet end of each combustion-chamber; ports for delivering into the inlet end of each combustion-chamber the regeneratively heated air for combustion; means for supplying to each combustion-chamber a neutral gaseous diluent; and draft means proportioned and adapted effectively to permit the conserving of the heat developed with-- in such regeneratively operated system; said coke-oven gas supply and air-supply and diluent-supply being proportioned and adapted to effect a substantially uniform combustion from near the inlet to near the the inlet end of outlet end of each elongated combustionchamber' that is fired with said coke-oven gas and said regeneratively heated air, and to secure the coking etficiency of such firing .in combustion-chambers having the elongation permitted in firing with preheated pro ducer-gas; substantially as specified.

8. In a coke=oven, in combination: cokingchambers; combustion-chambers contiguous thereto and each elongated from its fuel-gas inlet end to its flue-gas outlet end; regenerators communicating with said combustionchambers and adapted to be operated in alternation to conserve the heat of the outflow and to impart it to the inflow; an air supply to said regenerators; a fuel-gas supply ada ted to supply to the inlet end of each com ustion-chamber a fuel-gas of high hydrogen-content; ports for delivering into each combustion-chamber the regenerativelyheated air-for combustion; means for supplying to each combustion-chamber a neutral gaseous diluent; and draft means proportioned and adapted effectively to permit the conserving of the heat developed within such regeneratively operated systemfsaid fuel-gas supplyand V air-supply and, diluent-supply bulllg proportioned and adapted to effect a substantially uniform combustion from near the inlet end to near the outlet end of each elongated combustion-chamber that is fired with said fuelgas of high hydrogen content and said re- 'generatively heated ,air, and to secure the air-supply to said regenerators; a producergas supply to said regenerators; an alternative coke-oven gas supply directly to said combustion-chambers; valves for admitting andshutting off said supplies severally and in'required order; and a diluent flue-gas sup ply communicating with said combustionchambers and arranged to be employed to reduce the oxygen-concentration for said coke-ovem gas. combustion to substantial equivalence\ w1 t h the oxygen-concentration for said producer-gas combustion; substantially as specified.

10. In a coke-oven, in combination: coking-chambers; elongated combustion-chambers contiguous thereto; regenerators communicating with the inlets and outlets of said combustion-chambers and adapted to be operated in alternation to t-akefupj theheat of the outflow and to impart it to the inflow;

an air-supply to said regenerators; a prosubstantial equivalence with the oxygention for said coke-oven gas combustion to concentration for said producer-gas combus tion; substantially as specified.

11. ing-chambers; elongated combustion-chambers contiguous thereto; an air-supply to said combustion-chambers; a producer-gas Supply to said combustion-chambers; an alternative coke-oven gas supply to said oombustion-chambers; valves for admitting and shutting ofi' said supplies severally and in re quired order; and a neutral diluent gas-sup ply communicating with said combustionchambers and arranged to be employed to reduce the oxygen-concentration for said coke-oven gas combustion to substantial equivalence with the oxygen-concentration for said producer-gas combustion; substantially as specified. I

12. In a coke-oven, in combination: coking c hambers; elongated combustion-chambers contiguous thereto; regenerators communicating with the inlets and outlets of In a coke-oven, in combination: coksaid combustion-chambers and adapted to be operated in alternation to take up the heat of the outflow and to impart it to the -1nflow an air supply to said regenerators; a fuel-gas supply to said regenerators; "an alternative fuelgassupply-directly to said combustion-chambers; valves for admitting and shutting oflt saidsupplies severally and in required order ;andv a neutral diluent gassupply communicating with said combustion-chambers and arranged to be employed to reduce the oxygen-concentration, for the combustion of said alternative fuel-gas to substantial equivalence with the oxygen-eoncentration for the combustion'of the other fuel-gas aforesaid; substantially as specified.

13. In a coke-oven, in combination: coking-chambers; elongated combustion-chambers contiguous thereto; an air-supply to said combustion-chambers; a fuel-gas supply to said combustion-chambers; an alternative fuel-gas-supply to said combustionchambers; valves for admitting and shutting off said supplies severally and in required. order; and a neutral diluent gas supply communicating with said combustionchambers and arranged to be employed to reduce the oxygen-concentration, for the combustion of said alternative fuel-gas to substantial equivalence with the oxygenconcentration for the combustion of the other fuel-gas aforesaid; substantially as specified. a 14. In a coke-oven, in combiriationzcokin g-chambers combustion-chambers contiguous thereto and each elongatedlfrom its fuel-gas inlet end to its flue-gas outlet end; regenerators communicating with said com} 'bustion-chambersand adapted to be operated in alternation to conserve "the heat of the outflow and to impart -it to the inflow;

tioned and adapted to reduce the oxygen concentration to substantial equivalence with that required for producergas combustion and to secure the coking efliciency of such firing with coke-oven gas and said regeneratively heated air in combustion-chambers having the elongation permitted in fir-f with preheated producer-gas; substan-.

in'g tiallv as specified. v

'15. Ina coke-oven in combination: cokiraj-chambers; combustion chambers .'con-.

tiguous thereto'and each elongated'frhm its fuel-gas inlet end to its flue-gas outlet end;

regenerators communicating with said combustion-chambers and adapted to be operated in alternation to conserve the heat of the outflow and to impart it to the inflow;

.an air-supply to said regenerators; a cokeoven gas supplytothe inlet end of each combustion-chamber; ports for delivering into the inlet end of each combustion-chamber the regeneratively heated air for'combustion; means for supplying to each combustion-chamber a neutral gaseous diluent; and draft means proportioned and adapted effectively to permit the conserving of the heat developed within such regeneratively operated system; said diluent-supply being proportioned and adapted to reduce the oxygen-concentration to substantial equivalence with that required for producer-gas combustion and to secure the coking efliciency of such firing with coke-oven gas and said regeneratively heated air in combustionchambers having the elongation permitted in firingwith preheated producer-gas; substantially as specified.

'16. In a coke-oven, in combination: coking-ehambers; combustion-chambers con tiguous thereto and each elongated from its fuel-gas inlet end to its flue-gas .outlet end; regenerators communicating with said combustion-chambers and adapted to be operated in alternation to conserve the heat of the outflow and to impart it to the inflow; an air supply to said regenerators; a fuelgas supply adapted to supply to the inlet end of each combustion-chamber a fuel-gas of high hydrogen content; ports for delivering into the inlet endof each combustionchamber the regeneratively heated air for combustion; means-for supplying to each combustion-chamber -a neutral gaseous diluexit; and draft means proportioned and adapted effectively to permit the conserving of the heat developed within such regeneratively operated system; said diluent-supply being proportioned and adapted to reduce the oxygen-concentration to substantial equivalence with that required for the combustion of preheated fuel-gas of low hydrogen content and low calorific value and to secure the coking efliciency of such firing with said fuel-gas of high hydrogen content and'said regeneratively heated air'in com-, bustion-chambers having the elongation permitted in firing with a preheated fuel-gas of low hydrogen content and low calorific value: substantially as specified. 17. In a coke-oven. in combination: cokingchambers'; elongated combustion-chambers contiguous thereto regenerators communicating'w'ith the inlets and outlets otsaid 125 combustionchambersand adapted to be operated in alternation to take up the heat of p the outflow and to' impa'rtit to the inflow;

an air-supply to said regenerators; a producer-gas supply to said regenerators; an 

